ayahuasca
The Neurobiological Basis of Addiction
Addiction is among the most misunderstood conditions in modern medicine. For decades, it was framed as a moral failing or a simple lack of willpower.
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy for Addiction
The use of psychedelic substances for treating addiction is simultaneously one of the oldest therapeutic practices in human history and one of the most promising frontiers of modern psychiatry. Indigenous cultures have used ayahuasca, peyote, iboga, and psilocybin mushrooms for healing addiction...
The Default Mode Network: The Brain's Operating System UI and What Happens When You Minimize It
In 2001, Marcus Raichle and his colleagues at Washington University in St. Louis published a paper that would fundamentally reshape neuroscience's understanding of the brain — and, by extension, of consciousness, ego, and the self.
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound: The New Scalpel for Consciousness Research
For decades, consciousness researchers faced an engineering bottleneck that no amount of theoretical brilliance could solve: they could not precisely stimulate deep brain structures without cutting open the skull. Surface-level tools like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial...
The Consciousness Thread: How Graham Hancock Connects Archaeology to the Spirit World
There is a moment in Graham Hancock's intellectual journey where the trail splits. Follow one fork and you find the lost civilization researcher -- the man chasing underwater ruins, precession codes, and comet impacts.
Michael Harner and the Birth of Core Shamanism: Bringing Ancient Practice to the Modern World
Michael James Harner (1929-2018) occupies a singular position in the history of Western engagement with shamanism. He was not a New Age guru who stumbled upon indigenous practices and repackaged them for profit.
DMT: The Spirit Molecule, the Brain's Own Psychedelic, and the Doorway Between Worlds
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine — DMT — is the most potent psychedelic compound known to humanity. When smoked or injected, it launches consciousness into experiences so alien, so ontologically shocking, that even hardened materialist scientists struggle to dismiss them as "just hallucinations."...
The Default Mode Network: How Psychedelics, Meditation, and Shamanic States Dissolve the Ego
You have a storyteller living inside your skull. It runs constantly — narrating your life, reminding you who you are, comparing the present to the past, worrying about the future, maintaining the continuous narrative thread that you experience as "me." This storyteller is not a metaphor.
Psychedelics and Neuroplasticity: How Psilocybin, Ayahuasca, and DMT Rebuild the Brain
For most of the twentieth century, neuroscience operated under a grim assumption: the adult brain was essentially fixed. Once the critical periods of childhood development closed, the brain's wiring was set.
The Neuroscience of Shamanic Journeying: Theta Waves, Gamma Bursts, and the Drumming Brain
For at least 40,000 years, shamanic practitioners across every inhabited continent have used repetitive drumming to enter altered states of consciousness. They called it "journeying" — traveling to other worlds, communicating with spirits, retrieving knowledge inaccessible to ordinary awareness.
The Vagus Nerve and Shamanic Healing: How Ancient Practices Regulate the Nervous System
Running from the brainstem to the gut, branching to the heart, lungs, throat, and face, the vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve in the human body and the primary highway of the parasympathetic nervous system. Its name comes from the Latin word for "wandering," and it wanders everywhere —...
Plants as Teachers: The Shamanic Science of Botanical Intelligence
Here is a question that has haunted me for years: How did indigenous people in the Amazon, with no laboratories, no chemistry, no peer review, figure out that combining the bark of one specific vine (Banisteriopsis caapi) with the leaves of one specific shrub (Psychotria viridis) — out of...
Amazonian Shamanism: The Way of the Plant Teachers
The Amazon rainforest — covering over five million square kilometers across nine countries — is the most biologically diverse ecosystem on earth. Within this vast green cathedral, indigenous peoples have developed what may be the most sophisticated system of plant-based medicine and...
The Universal Threads: What Shamanic Traditions Share Across All Cultures
Shamanic practices have been found independently on every inhabited continent — from the frozen tundra of Siberia to the tropical forests of the Amazon, from the deserts of Australia to the mountains of Tibet, from the savannas of Africa to the misty islands of the North Atlantic. These...
The Healing Voice: From Overtone Singing to Icaros, the Human Voice as the Original Medicine
Before there were singing bowls, before tuning forks, before any instrument was ever crafted -- there was the voice. The human larynx, a structure roughly the size of a walnut, housing two mucous membrane folds called vocal cords that vibrate between 85 and 255 Hz in normal speech, capable of...
Len Dong: When the Spirits Dance Through You
Picture this. A temple in Hanoi, thick with incense.
Western Science Meets Indigenous Wisdom
Okay, let's unpack this. We are diving deep today into one of the most intellectually
Death Meditation: Phowa, Zen Death Poems, and the Art of Conscious Dying
Every contemplative tradition that has seriously investigated consciousness has concluded that death is not the end of awareness but a transition — and that this transition can be navigated consciously, skillfully, and even joyfully. The preparation for conscious dying is not a peripheral...
DMT and the Chemistry of Dying: The Endogenous Psychedelic at the Threshold of Death
In 1990, Rick Strassman, a psychiatrist at the University of New Mexico, received the first federal approval in over 20 years to administer a psychedelic compound to human subjects. The compound was N,N-dimethyltryptamine — DMT — a molecule so potent that it produces a complete transformation of...
Psychedelic-Assisted End-of-Life Care: Psilocybin, Mystical Experience, and the Dissolution of Death Anxiety
In 2016, two landmark studies — one from Johns Hopkins University, one from New York University — reported results that would have seemed impossible a decade earlier: a single dose of psilocybin, administered in a controlled clinical setting with psychological support, produced rapid,...
The Tibetan Book of the Dead Meets Neuroscience: Ancient Map, Modern Territory
In the 8th century CE, the Indian Buddhist master Padmasambhava composed a text called the Bardo Thodol — "Liberation Through Hearing in the Intermediate State" — known in the West as The Tibetan Book of the Dead. The text is a manual for dying.
Ayahuasca: The Two-Plant Mystery, the Amazonian Origins, and the Global Spread of the Vine of the Dead
In the Amazon basin, indigenous peoples discovered something that should have been impossible. From a rainforest containing over 80,000 plant species, they identified two specific plants — and only these two, in combination — that produce the most powerful and sustained visionary experience...
Peyote and the Native American Church: The Most Successful Integration of Psychedelic Sacrament Into Modern Society
In the Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico and southern Texas, a small, spineless cactus grows close to the ground. It looks unremarkable — a blue-green button, rarely more than a few centimeters in diameter, barely protruding from the rocky soil.
Soma and Haoma: The Divine Plant That Built Two Civilizations and Then Vanished
In the oldest sacred text of the Indo-European world — the Rigveda, composed between approximately 1500 and 1200 BCE — 120 hymns are dedicated to a single substance. Not a god in the conventional sense, though it is addressed as a deity.
The Flow Genome Project: Mapping Ecstasis Across Navy SEALs, Silicon Valley, and Extreme Athletes
Something happened in American high-performance culture in the early 21st century that few people noticed until Steven Kotler and Jamie Wheal documented it. Across seemingly unrelated domains — the military, Silicon Valley, extreme sports, and the psychedelic underground — elite performers had...
Flow in Extreme Sports: When Death Is the Consequence of Distraction
On a January morning in 2000, Laird Hamilton looked out at the face of a wave at Peahi, on the north shore of Maui. The wave was approximately sixty feet high — a six-story wall of moving water with the force of a freight train, capable of driving a human body twenty feet into the reef and...
The Neurochemistry of Flow: The Most Powerful Performance-Enhancing Cocktail on Earth
Inside your skull is the most sophisticated pharmaceutical laboratory on Earth. It produces compounds that no drug company has ever successfully replicated — not because the molecules are unknown, but because the brain delivers them in combinations, sequences, and dosages of exquisite precision...
Spiritual Perspectives on Death
Every wisdom tradition humanity has produced has placed the question of death at its center. Not as a problem to be solved but as a mystery to be encountered — the threshold experience that defines the boundary of ordinary consciousness and, according to virtually every spiritual tradition,...
Ceremony as Collective Consciousness Technology: How Ritual Creates Coherent Group Biofields
Every human culture that has ever existed has practiced ceremony. From the cave paintings of Lascaux (17,000 years ago) that appear to depict ritual scenes, to the elaborate temple ceremonies of ancient Egypt, to the Sun Dance of the Lakota, to the ayahuasca ceremonies of the Amazon, to the Mass...
Animal Intuition and Extended Perception: What Animals Know That Humans Have Forgotten About the Network
On December 26, 2004, a magnitude 9.1 earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, generating a tsunami that killed approximately 230,000 people across fourteen countries. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history.
Fermented Foods and Consciousness: How Every Ancient Culture Practiced Unconscious Microbiome Optimization
There is one technology that every human civilization, on every continent, in every climate zone, independently discovered and developed to a high degree of sophistication: fermentation.
Psychobiotics: The Bacteria That Alter Consciousness
In 2013, Ted Dinan and John Cryan — professors at University College Cork and principal investigators at the APC Microbiome Ireland research center — introduced a term that would signal a paradigm shift in both psychiatry and neuroscience: psychobiotics.
Racetams: The Original Smart Drugs and the Chemistry of Cognition
In 1972, Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu Giurgea coined a word that would launch an industry, a subculture, and a philosophical debate that persists to this day: nootropic. From the Greek noos (mind) and tropein (to turn or bend), a nootropic was, by Giurgea's definition, a compound...
5-MeO-DMT: The God Molecule and the Toad
5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is the most powerful naturally occurring psychedelic known to science. A single inhaled dose of 5-15 mg produces, within seconds, a complete dissolution of ordinary consciousness — the total annihilation of the self, the boundary between observer and...
Ayahuasca: Traditional and Clinical Perspectives
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive botanical preparation originating from the Amazon basin, traditionally brewed from two primary plants: the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, which contains beta-carboline alkaloids (harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine) that act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and...
Indigenous Psychedelic Wisdom and Reciprocity: The Ethics of Plant Medicine
The psychedelic renaissance has a shadow that its brightest advocates often fail to acknowledge: virtually every psychedelic compound that Western science is now studying, patenting, and commercializing was discovered, developed, and held sacred by indigenous peoples for centuries to millennia...
Plant Medicine Traditions Worldwide
Long before the isolation of psilocybin, the synthesis of LSD, or the clinical trials of MDMA, human beings across every inhabited continent developed sophisticated relationships with psychoactive plants and fungi. These relationships were not recreational — they were embedded in cosmological...
Psychedelic Integration and Ethics
The psychedelic experience itself — however profound, healing, or transformative — is only the beginning. Integration is the process by which the insights, emotions, bodily sensations, and shifts in perspective catalyzed during a psychedelic session are woven into the fabric of daily life,...
The Psychedelic Renaissance in 2025: A Complete Map of the Field
The psychedelic renaissance — the resurgence of scientific and clinical interest in psychedelic compounds after decades of prohibition — has by 2025 matured from a fringe movement into a legitimate biomedical field with billion-dollar valuations, FDA breakthrough therapy designations, published...
Set, Setting, and Psychedelic Safety
The maxim that the psychedelic experience is shaped by "set and setting" — the mindset of the individual and the environment in which the substance is consumed — is perhaps the single most important practical principle in psychedelic science and practice. First articulated by Timothy Leary,...
Psychedelic Sexuality and Boundary Dissolution: When the Self-Other Divide Melts
There are two experiences in human life that reliably dissolve the boundary between self and other: sexual ecstasy and psychedelic states. Both produce what researchers call "boundary dissolution" — a softening or complete collapse of the felt sense of where "I" end and the world begins.
Shamanic Drumming and Theta Induction: The Oldest Consciousness Technology on Earth
Before the pyramid, before the cathedral, before the temple, before agriculture, before writing, before civilization itself, there was the drum. Archaeological evidence places frame drums and skin-covered percussion instruments among the oldest manufactured objects in human history, dating back...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: A Clinical Framework
After four decades of prohibition, psychedelic substances are returning to clinical medicine — not as counterculture relics but as the most significant breakthrough in psychiatric treatment since the development of SSRIs. The research is emerging from the world's most rigorous institutions —...
Meditation's Adverse Effects: Willoughby Britton and the Study That Changed Everything
For two decades, the Western mindfulness movement sold meditation as a universal good — a practice with no side effects, no contraindications, and no risks. The marketing was relentless: meditation reduces stress, lowers blood pressure, improves focus, boosts immunity, increases empathy,...
Spiritual Bypassing: When Awakening Becomes a Defense Against Being Human
The most insidious obstacle on the spiritual path is not materialism, not doubt, not laziness, and not even the dark night. It is spiritual bypassing — the systematic use of spiritual concepts and practices to avoid confronting unresolved psychological wounds, developmental deficits, and...
Fasting and Vision Quest: Spiritual Technology of Emptying
Every spiritual tradition has discovered the same counterintuitive truth: to be filled, first become empty. To see clearly, first go into darkness.
Integration: Bridging Worlds and Making the Journey Whole
The ceremony ends. The retreat is over.
Plant Medicine and Ceremonial Framework
In the Amazon, they do not say you "take" ayahuasca. They say ayahuasca takes you.
Sound Healing and Vibrational Medicine
"Nada Brahma" — the world is sound. This phrase from the Vedic tradition is not a poetic metaphor.
The Global Consciousness Project: When Random Numbers Detect Planetary Synchronicity
In a basement at Princeton University, a small electronic device — a random number generator, or RNG — produces a continuous stream of binary digits: ones and zeros, like an electronic coin-flipper running twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Each second, it generates 200 random bits.
Detoxification Pathways and Consciousness Clearing: How Biotransformation Restores Signal Clarity
Every sophisticated engineering system requires waste management. A computer generates heat that must be dissipated.
Heavy Metals and Neurotoxicity: The Static in Your Consciousness Signal
Every signal processing engineer knows that the quality of a communication system depends not just on the strength of the signal, but on the noise floor — the background interference that obscures the information you are trying to receive. You can have the most sensitive antenna in the world,...
The Myth of Normal: Gabor Mate and the Trauma That Hides in Plain Sight
Imagine a world where every computer ships with the same malware pre-installed. The malware slows processing, corrupts memory, causes random crashes, and degrades performance over time.
DMT: The Endogenous Spirit Molecule Your Brain Produces Every Day
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine — DMT — occupies a unique position in the landscape of psychedelic compounds. It is the most powerful naturally occurring psychedelic known, producing effects that depart from ordinary consciousness more radically than any other substance.
The Evolutionary Question: Why Does Biology Produce Consciousness-Altering Tryptamines?
There is a question at the heart of tryptamine biology that haunts every honest researcher who encounters it. It is not a technical question about receptors or signaling cascades.
The Tryptamine Molecular Family: One Scaffold, the Entire Spectrum of Consciousness
If you could zoom in on the molecular machinery of consciousness — the actual chemical architecture that produces your mood, your sleep, your dreams, your sense of self, your capacity for mystical experience — you would find, at the center of it all, a single molecular template repeated with...